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BNS, BNSS and BSA two years on: what changed for ordinary people, and what did not

LSS Editorial Desk · Legal Space Services 1 min read

The three new criminal codes came into force on 1 July 2024. Most of the old law was carried over under new section numbers — which is why our Know the Law pages let you search by the old IPC number.

On 1 July 2024, three new laws replaced the Indian Penal Code, the Code of Criminal Procedure and the Indian Evidence Act: the Bharatiya Nyaya Sanhita (BNS), the Bharatiya Nagarik Suraksha Sanhita (BNSS) and the Bharatiya Sakshya Adhiniyam (BSA).

What changed

  • Section numbers. Almost every familiar number changed. Cheating, once section 420 IPC, is now section 318 BNS; cruelty by a husband or his relatives, once 498A, is now section 85 BNS.
  • Procedure. The BNSS provides for FIRs to be given at any police station and transferred (the zero FIR), for electronic FIRs, and for timelines at several stages of investigation and trial.
  • Evidence. The BSA deals expressly with electronic records, and a certificate is needed to prove many of them — our guide on section 63 BSA explains it.

What did not change

Most offences, defences and procedures were carried over in substance. And offences committed before 1 July 2024 continue to be dealt with under the old codes, so cases from that period still use the old numbers.

Finding the right page

Our Know the Law index lists plain-English guides to the sections people actually deal with, and its search box accepts the old IPC and CrPC numbers as well as the new ones. Each page explains the section, the punishment, whether it is bailable, and what to do next. They are information, not legal advice; for your own case, find an advocate.

LSS Editorial Desk Editorial desk, Legal Space Services, New Delhi · Published 22 September 2026 · Approved by our office

News on this page is general information, not legal advice. For your own matter, talk to our team, or find an advocate for court work — the advocate’s fee is engaged and paid by you directly.

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